Dubbing filmmaking Wikipedia. Dubbing, mixing or re recording is a post production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are mixed with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack. The process usually takes place on a dub stage. After sound editors edit and prepare all necessary tracks dialogue, automated dialogue replacement ADR, effects, Foley, and music, the dubbing mixer or mixers proceed to balance all of the elements and record the finished soundtrack. Dubbing is sometimes confused with ADR, also known as additional dialogue replacement,123 additional dialogue recording, and looping,45 in which the original actors re record and synchronize audio segments. Outside the film industry, the term dubbing most commonly refers to the replacement of the voices of the actors shown on the screen with those of different performers speaking another language, which is called revoicing in the film industry. OriginseditIn the past, dubbing was practiced primarily in musicals when the actor had an unsatisfactory singing voice. Today, dubbing enables the screening of audiovisual material to a mass audience in countries where viewers do not speak the same language as the performers in the original production. Films, videos, and sometimes video games are often dubbed into the local language of a foreign market. In foreign distribution, dubbing is common in theatrically released films, television films, television series, cartoons, and anime. MethodseditADRpost synceditAutomated dialogue replacement ADR is the process of re recording dialogue by the original actor after the filming process to improve audio quality or reflect dialogue changes also known as looping or a looping session. In India the process is simply known as dubbing, while in the UK, it is also called post synchronisation or post sync. The insertion of voice actor performances for animation, such as computer generated imagery or animated cartoons, is often referred to as ADR although it generally does not replace existing dialogue. The ADR process may be used to change the original lines recorded on set to clarify context improve diction or correct an accent improve comedic timing or dramatic timing correct technical issues with synchronization use a studio quality singing performance or provide a voice double for actors who are poor vocalists add or remove content for legal purposes such as removing an unauthorized trademarked name add or remove a product placement correct a misspoken line not caught during filming remove extraneous sounds such as production equipment noise, traffic, wind, or other undesirable sounds from the environment. In conventional film production, a production sound mixer records dialogue during filming. During post production, a supervising sound editor, or ADR supervisor, reviews all of the dialogue in the film and decides which lines must be re recorded. ADR is recorded during an ADR session, which takes place in a specialized sound studio. The actor, usually the original actor from the set, views the scene with the original sound, then attempts to recreate the performance. I provide advice about how to write novels, comic books and graphic novels. Most of my content applies to fictionwriting in general, but I also provide articles. For The Witcher 2 Assassins of Kings on the PC, FAQWalkthrough by Brokaliv. ZLmkYcmg4xM/hqdefault.jpg' alt='Watch Dragonheart: A New Beginning Youtube' title='Watch Dragonheart: A New Beginning Youtube' />Over the course of multiple takes, the actor performs the lines while watching the scene the most suitable take becomes the final version. The ADR process does not always take place in a post production studio. The process may be recorded on location, with mobile equipment. ADR can also be recorded without showing the actor the image they must match, but by having them listen to the performance, since some actors believe that watching themselves act can degrade subsequent performances. Sometimes, a different actor than the original actor on set is used during ADR. One famous example is the Star Wars character Darth Vader portrayed by David Prowse in post production, James Earl Jones dubbed the voice of Vader. Other examples include Frenchmen Philippe Noiret and Jacques Perrin, who were dubbed into Italian for Cinema Paradiso. Austrian bodybuilder Arnold Schwarzenegger, dubbed for Hercules in New York. Argentine boxer Carlos Monzn, dubbed by a professional actor for the lead in the drama La Mary. Gert Frobe, who played Auric Goldfinger in the James Bond film Goldfinger, dubbed by Michael Collins. Andie Mac. Dowells Jane, in Greystoke The Legend of Tarzan, Lord of the Apes, who was dubbed by Glenn Close. Tom Hardy, who portrayed Bane in The Dark Knight Rises, re dubbed half of his own lines for ease of viewer comprehension. Harvey Keitel was dubbed by Roy Dotrice in post production for Saturn 3. Rythmo bandeditAn alternative method to dubbing, called rythmo band or lip sync band, has historically been used in Canada and France. It provides a more precise guide for the actors, directors, and technicians, and can be used to complement the traditional ADR method. The band is actually a clear 3. India ink, together with numerous additional indications for the actorincluding laughs, cries, length of syllables, mouth sounds, breaths, and mouth openings and closings. The rythmo band is projected in the studio and scrolls in perfect synchronization with the picture. Studio time is used more efficiently, since with the aid of scrolling text, picture, and audio cues, actors can read more lines per hour than with ADR alone only picture and audio. With ADR, actors can average 1. However, the preparation of a rythmo band is a time consuming process involving a series of specialists organized in a production line. This has prevented the technique from being more widely adopted, but software emulations of rythmo band technology overcome the disadvantages of the traditional rythmo band process and significantly reduce the time needed to prepare a dubbing session. Global useeditDubbing is often used to localize a foreign movie. The new voice track is usually spoken by a voice artist, or voice actor. In many countries, actors who regularly perform this duty remain little known, with the exception of particular circles such as anime fandom or when their voices have become synonymous with roles or actors whose voices they usually dub. In the United States, many of these voice artists may employ pseudonyms or go uncredited due to Screen Actors Guild regulations or the desire to dissociate themselves from the role. Especially in comedies and animated movies, famous local actors may be hired to perform the dubbing, as their names are intended to attract a local audience the entire cast may be dubbed by a local cast of similar familiarity. Dubbing only for children, otherwise solely subtitles  Mixed areas Countries using occasional multiple voice voice overs on broadcast TV, otherwise solely subtitles. Voice over Countries using usually two or more voice actors, otherwise the original soundtrack remains such as in Poland and Russia. This method is used in TV broadcasting, but dubbing is also used in these countries. General dubbing Countries using exclusively a full cast dubbing, both for films and TV series, although in Polish, Czech and Slovak cinemas, only childrens movies are usually dubbed. Countries which produce their own dubbings, but often use dubbed versions from another country whose language is sufficiently similar so that the local audience understands it easily French and Dutch for Belgium and Czech for Slovakia. KidsFamily films and programmingeditIn North West Europe the UK, Republic of Ireland, the Netherlands, the Dutch speaking part of Belgium and the Nordic countries, Portugal and Balkan countries, generally only movies and TV shows intended for children are dubbed, while TV shows and movies for older audiences are subtitled although animated productions have a tradition of being dubbed. For movies in cinemas with clear target audiences both below and above 1. How to Name Your CharacterSuperheroes and Otherwise. I provide advice about how to write novels, comic books and graphic novels. Most of my content applies to fiction writing in general, but I also provide articles specifically about superhero stories. This article will cover how to name characters effectively and how to avoid the most common naming problems. Character names serve several important roles, like differentiating characters and evoking an emotional response from readers. Readers use names to tell characters apart, obviously. Authors sometimes complicate this by using the same letter to start character names, using similar looking or similar sounding names. We will keep John and Hideyuki apart in our minds, but maybe not Clinton and Cliff or Kevin. As a rule of thumb, once you have used a given letter to start a characters name, you cant use it again. If your work is long enough that you name 1. Also, try to mix up the number of syllables in your character names. Names also serve to define characters. A characters name should establish or at least suggest a defining trait of the character. If youre writing a superhero story, you may be able to get away with a wacky name like Captain Carnage or Devil Dog, like Superhero Nation does. Obviously, most writers have to be more subtle than that. Neville Longbottom is a great example of a name that suggests a trait without being too ridiculous. However, giving effeminate and insufferable guys names like Percy is annoying and over done. Its like his parents knew he was gonna be a wuss Finally, names evoke an emotional response from readers. If your character is a hero, an excellent name will make readers feel he is heroic. This is usually subconscious and relies on word sounds. G.I. Joe: Retaliation Full Movie Part 1. For example, if you want to associate a character with energy and activity, youd want to use a firm and short name. Typically, protagonists are active go getters otherwise the story would be pretty boring, right so they have firm, short names. When you name main characters, you should also consider whether reading the name 2. Because of the cold br sound, Brian will probably grate readers more than Harry or Gary. Another consideration is the syllable count. Single syllable names are fine, but not all are created equal. If you compare Joan to Jane and Joe to John, Joan and Joe are usually stronger because they end more pleasantly. Some other elements of sound you can consider K, V, X and H are harsh. Korvax and Havoc are probably not nice people. On the other hand, if Korvax is a pleasant newscaster, that could be hilarious. B, J, M, F and R are examples of letters that sound firm without being menacing. Frank, B. Mac, Brad, etc. L, U, S and O are smooth, soft and sometimes sensual. Did you like the alliterationCharacters immerse your readers in your world. Names help make the audience feel like theyre on your page, that they get whats going on. For example, we arent meant to understand Judge Dredd and The Punisher as even headed men of justice. If those guys were named John or Mike, we might feel confused and disorientated. Alternatively, the use of several names for a character can indicate authorial ambiguity to the reader. For example, my Agent Black is also known as the Manhattan Mangler. If I gave you only one of those, you would probably reach a different conclusion about how just, unique and proper he is. Readers would also visualize a different character. The Manhattan Mangler is probably a loose cannon with tattoos, long hair, leather jackets, etc. Agent Black is more kempt, septic and fits more with what we imagine a federal agent should be like. I hope that readers subconsciously associate respectability with conformity. Common Naming Mistakes Using exotic names like XsdajkUiopds is completely unacceptable. Generally speaking, extraterrestrials and orcs wont have names like Dave, but thats no excuse for randomly stringing together letters. A better approach is stringing together familiar sounds to make new names. For example, your readers are comfortable with Brad and Darian, right Together, they make Bradarian. If that isnt alien enough, you could add a prefix or cut out letters to make Bradar, for example. Tim and Milly could make Imilly or Intimilly. Names that are too long irritate readers. Generally, Id recommend limiting a characters name to three syllables. Maybe five if you often use a tag, like Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Fantastic. Naming a character for reasons your readers cant appreciate is ineffective. Ive seen writing guides plural suggest that you name characters based on the literal meaning of the names. For example, Sophia means wisdom in Greek, so name a wise character Sophia That advice is awful. Your readers have no clue that Luke means high born in some language theyve never heard of. There are drastically better ways to show that Luke is noble, like giving him a corny last name Skywalker, anyoneNaming a character in an attempt to pay homage to a favorite author is a lose lose proposition. Lets say I name my superhero Clark or my dragon Kazul. At best, the name is a lame in joke. But these scenarios are far more likely. A reader picks up the Superman reference and it distracts him whenever he sees Clarks name. He picks up the Superman reference and he thinks Im a hack. He misses the Superman reference and I wasted an opportunity to give my superhero a name thats effective for my story. My dragon named Kazul is such a blatant ripoff of copyrighted material that I get sued. Foreign names may cause readers to stumble. Keep in mind that your readers probably dont speak Tagalog or Farsi or French or whatever. A good example of a foreign name is Temeraire. The word nicely suggests a consistent pronunciation TEM eh rare. French people might not pronounce it that way. But that doesnt matter Your readers will feel they are pronouncing it correctly, even if they arent. In contrast, something like Huitzilopochtli will bewilder your readers. Is Huit pronounced like Hewitt or Hwit Is poch pronounced liked poach or pock Last names lead to overcapitalization. Sometimes your characters need last names, but often they dont, particularly in the beginning. Its easy to overwhelm Readers by hurling Capitalized Noun Phrases at them. If you do include a last name, either keep it to one syllable or make it easily readable and memorizable. For example, in the story Barbara Bloodbath, everyone will remember Barbaras last name. Using different names to refer to characters often confuses and disorients readers. This can apply to secret identities or titles. For example, if a character is Mrs. Smith at the beginning, she should be Mrs. Smith as much as possible, unless we can easily understand why someone would call her something else. Her kid will call her Mommy, which is self explanatory. But if someone addresses a line to Candace or Dr. Smith, we wont necessarily know if theyre talking to Mrs. Smith. Even if you mentioned that Candace Smith got a medical degree, readers may have missed or forgotten that.